Many industrial facilities, large buildings, institutional facilities, hospitals, and electric utilities have diesel generators for backup and emergency power supply. Most of the diesel fuel produced and consumed in the United States is refined from crude oil at petroleum refineries.
The United States also produces and consumes biomass-based diesel fuels. Before , most diesel fuel sold in the United States contained high quantities of sulfur.
Sulfur in diesel fuel produces air pollution emissions that are harmful to human health. In , the U. Environmental Protection Agency issued requirements to reduce the sulfur content of diesel fuel sold for use in the United States. The requirements were phased in over time, beginning with diesel fuel sold for vehicles used on roadways and eventually including all non-road diesel fuel.
Diesel fuel now sold in the United States for on-highway use is ultra-low sulfur diesel ULSD , which has a sulfur content of 15 parts per million or less. Most diesel fuel sold for off-highway or non-road use is also ULSD. Diesel fuel explained. What is energy? Units and calculators. Use of energy. Energy and the environment. Also in What is energy?
Forms of energy Sources of energy Laws of energy. Also in Units and calculators explained Units and calculators Energy conversion calculators British thermal units Btu Degree days. As the research and development of this new fuel source expands, it is likely to become a major market player in the future.
In fact, as of August , biodiesel production was up million gallons in the United States, according to the U. Energy Information Administration. At Kendrick Oil, we offer a wide variety of wholesale fuels including diesel and regular gasoline. If you need wholesale fuel or if you have any questions about our Products and Services , call or contact a member of our Team.
UCI Digital website. Main Line: Fax: Gross Classes Branding. News Events Fuel Source Contact. Toggle navigation. Share to Social! Customer Login. High-gravity crude oils contain more of the lighter products needed for the production of transportation fuels, and generally have lower sulfur content. Modern refining processes can also convert low-gravity crude oils into lighter products, at an added expense of more complex processing equipment, more processing steps, and more energy. A schematic of modern refinery with diesel streams highlighted is shown in Figure 1 [].
In the primary distillation column, operating under atmospheric pressure, the crude oil feedstock is separated into a number of streams of increasingly higher boiling point, which are called straight-run products e.
In most refineries, the atmospheric bottoms are further fractionated by a second distillation carried out under vacuum. The quantity and quality of the streams drawn off from distillation depends on the chemical composition of the crude oil.
Crude oils also yield proportions of gasoline, diesel, residual fuel oil, and other products which are usually different from the product demand patterns in particular markets.
The only way to balance the refinery production pattern with market demands is through downstream conversion processes. In these conversion processes large hydrocarbon molecules are broken into smaller ones by application of heat, pressure, or catalysts. Refineries use thermal cracking visbreaking and coking , catalytic cracking, and hydrocracking also utilizing catalyst, but carried out under a high pressure of hydrogen to increase the yield of desired products by cracking unwanted heavy fractions.
The final products are obtained by blending conversion products crack components with the primary distillation streams. Both blended and straight-run products may require a varying degree of upgrading, to reduce the content of sulfur, nitrogen, and other compounds.
0コメント