As John Carman , p. There are many other forms of official categorisation that can be applied to heritage sites at the national or state level throughout the world.
Indeed, heritage as a field of practice seems to be full of lists. The impulse within heritage to categorise is an important aspect of its character. It is special, and set apart from the realm of daily life. Even where places are not officially recognised as heritage, the way in which they are set apart and used in the production of collective memory serves to define them as heritage. For example, although it might not belong on any heritage register, a local sports arena might be the focus for collective understandings of a local community and its past, and a materialisation of local memories, hopes and dreams.
At the same time, the process of listing a site as heritage involves a series of value judgements about what is important, and hence worth conserving, and what is not. There is a dialectical relationship between the effect of listing something as heritage, and its perceived significance and importance to society. The kinds of heritage we are most accustomed to thinking about in this category are particular kinds of objects, buildings, towns and landscapes.
Heritage is in fact a very difficult concept to define. Most people, too, would recognise the existence of an official heritage that could be opposed to their own personal or collective one. For example, many would have visited a national museum in the country in which they live but would recognise that the artefacts contained within it do not describe entirely what they would understand as their own history and heritage. Clearly, any attempt to create an official heritage is necessarily both partial and selective.
It has been suggested earlier that heritage could be understood to encompass objects, places and practices that have some significance in the present which relates to the past. This is one way of dividing and categorising the many types of object, place and practice to which people attribute heritage value. However, many of these categories cross both types of heritage. For example, ritual practices might involve incantations intangible as well as ritual objects physical.
So we should be careful of thinking of these categories as clear cut or distinct. Natural heritage is most often thought about in terms of landscapes and ecological systems, but it is comprised of features such as plants, animals, natural landscapes and landforms, oceans and water bodies.
Natural heritage is valued for its aesthetic qualities, its contribution to ecological, biological and geological processes and its provision of natural habitats for the conservation of biodiversity. In the same way that we perceive both tangible and intangible aspects of cultural heritage, we could also speak of the tangible aspects of natural heritage the plants, animals and landforms alongside the intangible its aesthetic qualities and its contribution to biodiversity.
The element of potential or real threat to heritage — of destruction, loss or decay — links heritage historically and politically with the conservation movement. Even where a building or object is under no immediate threat of destruction, its listing on a heritage register is an action which assumes a potential threat at some time in the future, from which it is being protected by legislation or listing.
The connection between heritage and threat will become more important in the later part of this course. Heritage is a term that is also quite often used to describe a set of values, or principles, which relate to the past. It tells us about the events and incidents that took place in the past. The term history can denote the history of the human race, the origin of civilization or even the events related to the conception of a place or an institution.
Every place or rather everything on earth has a history. It is history that helps us to determine how a particular thing came into being, how it evolved over the years, and what made it the object or concept it is today.
History is based on facts and evidence as well as legends, myths. Although myths and legends are not considered as true events or real records of history, they cannot be termed as utter lies. Certain customs , traditions, as well as information about the past way of life, can be gained by looking at them. Heritage is always linked to history. Bloch, M. Boyer, P. Linenthal and T. Brett, D. Cameron, C. Carr, E.
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